Moscow Kremlin "Konstantino-Eleninskaya, Nabatnaya and Tsarskaya towers"

Moscow Kremlin "Konstantino-Eleninskaya, Nabatnaya and Tsarskaya towers"

(Bumajnoe modelirovanie)

The Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower is a tower on the eastern wall of the Kremlin. The Nabatnaya Tower is a tower in the southeastern section of the Kremlin wall. The Tsarskaya Tower is the youngest and smallest tower of all.

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BM-AT-0012

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  • Type: kremlin
  • Historical period: Late Middle Ages
  • Country: Russia
  • Scale: 1:250
  • Number of sheets: 12 sheets A4

Historical information

The Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower is a tower on the eastern wall of the Kremlin, overlooking the so-called Basil Descent (Васильевский спуск), which begins at the Red Square and ends at the Moscow River. The tower's height is 36.8 m.

The tower was built in 1490 by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari on the spot of gates to the whitestone Kremlin. It was named after the Church of Konstantine and Elena in the Kremlin (second half of the 17th century), which would be demolished by the Soviets in 1928. The Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower had its own gates and a lift bridge, protected by guards at all times. In the late 18th century — early 19th century the gates were bricked up and the bridge was dismantled.

The Nabatnaya Tower is a tower in the southeastern section of the Kremlin wall, built in 1495. It is 38 m in height.

Traditionally, there has always been a bell on top of the Nabatnaya Tower, used for notifying citizens of fires and other misfortunes in the Kremlin or on the Red Square (hence, the name Nabatnaya, which derives from the old Russian word "набат" — nabat, meaning "alarm" or "tocsin").

In 1680, a bellmaker Feodor Dmitriev cast the so-called Nabatny bell (alarm bell) weighing 150 poods (2.45 metric tons) and installed it on the tower. The bell subsequently broke and was re-cast by Ivan Motorin on July 30, 1714.

The sound from this bell served as a signal for the spontaneous uprising of the Muscovites during the plague outbreak in 1771, which would later be called the Plague Riot (Чумной бунт). By the order of Catherine the Great, the tongue of the bell was removed after this incident. The tongueless bell remained on top of the tower for 30 more years. In the early 19th century, it was removed and transferred to the Arsenal. In 1821, the bell was moved to the Armoury, where it remains to this day in the vestibule.

The Tsarskaya Tower is the youngest and smallest tower of all, built in 1680. It is not a tower per se, it is rather a stone terem, a tent-shaped chamber placed directly on top of the wall. Previously, there was a small wooden turret, from which, according to legend, tsar Ivan IV liked to observe what was happening on the Red Square. Hence the name, the Tsar's Tower.

The white stone bands around the posts, tall corner pyramids with gilt flags and tent roof topped with an elegant gilt weather vane make the tower look like some structure from a fairy tale.

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